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Respiratory Allergies
Overview
Respiratory
allergies (hay fever, cedar fever, etc.) are caused by an
over-reaction of the immune system to a stimulus or “trigger”
that causes inflammation and/or swelling of the tissue of the
nose, eyes, ears, sinuses, throat, larynx, and airways. Common
triggers are pollens, dust, cigarette smoke, air pollutants, and
animal dander. Although most respiratory allergies are just
major annoyances, they can lead to serious symptoms in
asthmatics, and they sometimes can cause the development of a
secondary bacterial infection in your sinuses, ears, or lungs
that may require antibiotics.
In asthma,
inflammation and constriction of the airways can lead to
wheezing, difficulty breathing, and, in severe cases, death. If
you think you might have asthma, see a healthcare provider for
evaluation.
Signs and Symptoms
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Runny, itchy nose
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Sneezing
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Itchy, swollen, burning eyes/eyelids and/or watery eyes
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A
cough that is often dry or that produces minimal phlegm
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Ear congestion or popping (without significant pain)
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Sinus pressure or stuffiness
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Headache
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Hoarseness
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Post-nasal drainage and throat tickle
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Itchy palate (soft tissue at the upper, back part of your
mouth)
Self-Care Measures
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Reduce triggers. Keep your home, especially the bedroom, as
dust-free as possible. Bathe pets frequently; keep them off
your bed and upholstered furniture. Close windows in your
home and car. Limit time outdoors when pollen, molds, or
other such triggers are high. Air purifiers receive mixed
reviews, but may help.
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For itchy, watery eyes, sneezing, runny nose and/or
post-nasal drip, take an OTC antihistamine.
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For inflamed, irritated eyes, use OTC eye drops. If drops
contain a decongestant, don’t use them for more than 4
consecutive days.
Red Flags
Check in with the
nurse if ..
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In
spite of using self-care measures, your allergy symptoms are
ongoing and significantly interfere with your ability to
work, study, or enjoy leisure activities. Prescription
medication may be an option for you. You have asthma, and
allergies are causing even moderate asthma symptoms that
don’t respond to your current treatment.
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You’ve never been told you have asthma, but your chest feels
“tight” and you develop difficulty breathing.
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You wheeze when you breathe.
CALL 911 OR GO DIRECTLY TO AN EMERGENCY ROOM IF ANY OF THE
FOLLOWING OCCURS:
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Unusual dark spots (much like bruises) of any size on your
skin. This can be a sign of meningococcal disease which
progresses rapidly, can be fatal, and requires immediate
medical care.
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Severe breathing problems.
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